The Irish Rebellion of 1641 began on October 23, 1641, initiated by Catholic gentry and military officers. Their demands included an end to religious discrimination, greater Irish self-governance, and the return of confiscated Catholic lands. Although planned as a swift coup to seize Dublin Castle, it failed and instead led to the 1641–1653 Irish Confederate Wars. Rebels under Felim O'Neill quickly overran most of Ulster, issuing the Proclamation of Dungannon. Many Royalist Anglo-Irish Catholics joined the uprising, spreading the rebellion throughout Ireland.
