On December 29, 1937, the Constitution of Ireland (Bunreacht na hÉireann) came into effect, replacing the 1922 Constitution of the Irish Free State. This pivotal event formally established Ireland as a sovereign, independent state, changing its name from the Irish Free State to 'Ireland' (Éire in Irish). The new constitution also instituted the office of President of Ireland, replacing the Governor-General. This marked a significant step in Ireland's journey towards full self-determination, asserting its distinct identity and severing remaining constitutional ties to the British Crown. The constitution claimed jurisdiction over the entire island, though acknowledging that its laws would not apply in Northern Ireland.
